The Mummy Exhibition In Philadelphia..

The Franklin Institute located in Philadelphia invites visitors to attend an exhibition called The Mummies of the World. This is the mummy of a child from Peru who died 6500 years ago at the age of 8-10 months due to a heart disease. It is one of the oldest mummies in the world and is over 3000 years elder than the mummy of Tutu Pharaoh.

Every exhibit here is unique. You can see the remains of a dog buried in the swamps of Germany 500 years ago or bones of a child who lived in Peru 6420 years ago. The Peruvian mummy lived in the 13 century AD.

The exhibits were prepared in collaboration with experts from 15 leading European institutions and taken to many large cities of the USA. The mummy of an ancient Egyptian.

The 10-year-old girl is looking at the the mummy of an adult person found in the caves of Chile.

The woman with children were found in the South America.

The mummy of Michael Orlovits born in Hungary in 1765. The mummies of his family members were found during the reconstruction of a Dominican church. Cold and dry air of that place as well as the pine oil allowed the mummies to be preserved till our days.

The investigations held showed that Veronica Orlovits and her husband suffered from severe tuberculosis. Besides, some other traumas and injuries were found on their bodies.

Another member of the family, Johannes Orlovits.

Computer tomography and other scientific methods help in mummy studying. Using them, we can find out how people lived and died. The method is non-invasive and gives three-dimensional image of a mummy enabling to preserve it for future generations.

Scanning results of the Orlovits mummy obtained in a Californian medical center.

Scan session of the Orlovits mummy.

The mummy of the pre-Columbian era found on the territory of a desert in Chile.

A howler monkey mummy from the South Africa.

The Egyptian lived 400 years B.C.E.

As the day of the exhibition approaches, the employees of the Californian scientific center are sealing the glass cube containing a sarcophagus and Egyptian mummy.

The Five Most Dangerous Cities in THE WORLD.

Many consider Johannesburg to be one of the most dangerous cities in the world but in most recent surveys, Johannesburg is ranked in the top 50. Which leaves the question, what are the most dangerous cities in the world? These are the top 5.

San Pedro Sula, Honduras

 

A Citizen Council study reported that a whopping 1 143 out of 719 447 of San Pedro Sula’s residents were murdered in 2011. That’s 159 people killed for every 100 000 residents. That’s a murder rate 40 times higher than the average US city, and 8 times higher than the most dangerous city in America (New Orleans). Even the US peace corps was forced to withdraw from Honduras after a member of the peace corps was shot in the leg in San Pedro Sula. Like many struggling Latin American countries, San Pedro Sula’s spike in extreme violence is largely a product of the drug trade, mixed with extreme poverty and high levels of corruption.

Maceio, Brazil

Brazil is now the most violent city in Brazil, with a per capita murder rate of 135.26 per 100 000 inhabitants. Known for its white sandy beaches, it is a land where sugarcane farmers settle their scores with machetes and clubs, while the rich rely on paid assassins to get what they want.

Ciudad Juarez Mexico

In the past few years Ciudad Juarez would have easily been in the top spot on this list. Some parts of the city could be mistaken for a warzone thanks to the murderous drug battles they have played host to.

Yet over the last year the murder rate in this border town dropped over 57%. The shift has been drastic - in October 2010 there were 359 murders in the city, while in October 2012 there were “only 30″.

The city is still far from safe as this border town is still controlled by gangsters. Kidnappings and extortion are still very common, and some human rights groups have found that incidents of torture are on the rise.

Acapulco Mexico

For the last few years Acapulco was associated with images of tourism and sandy beaches. It is now known for decapitated bodies. 10 mutilated bodies were found in and around the resort city in a single weekend – the outside world has recognised that this once prosperous tourist resort had fallen victim to the extreme, often sadistic drug violence that has plagues much of Mexico.

Mogadishu, Somalia

A huge contender for most dangerous city in the world, Mogadishu has been continuously been involved in urban warfare for much of the past 2 decades.

While there has been plenty of fighting since August 2011 Somalia has ousted the Islamic extremists that were controlling a large portion of the city. Since then they have been in rebuilding mode. It’s even safe enough now that Turkish Airlines is flying in and out of the city.

Hand Transplant

Life's dealt me a good hand at last: Ex-Marine's miracle transplant means he can finally hold his grandson's hand

Mark Cahill is the first person in Britain to have a hand transplant 
He endured two decades of pain with fingers crippled by gout and infection
8-hour op involved connecting bones, tendons, nerves, arteries and veins

He endured two decades of pain and faced a future in which even the simplest tasks would prove impossible.

Then, at last, life dealt Mark Cahill a good hand. The former Royal Marine became the first person in Britain to have a hand transplant when the pioneering operation was carried out six months ago.

Now, after struggling for so long with fingers crippled by gout and infection, he finally feels confident enough to give the new set a thumbs-up.

Hand in hand: Mark Cahill holding the hand of his Grandson Thomas,4 after becoming the first person in Britain to undergo a hand transplant

Brand new second hand: Mark Cahill shows off his transplanted hand six months after the operation

He can already carry tea to his wife – and, triumphantly, he can walk hand in hand with his four-year-old grandson.

It might not sound impressive, but to Mr Cahill – and the team behind the ground-breaking surgery – it is a medical milestone.

At the door of his West Yorkshire home he greets me with a beaming smile and, naturally, a cheery handshake. 

It is an everyday gesture he was unable to perform when he lost use of his right hand five years ago, and one in which he now delights.

Tea's up: Mark Cahil serves a cuppa to wife Sylvia thanks to his new hand

Simple tasks like dialling a number on his mobile phone had been impossible for Mr Cahill when he suffered from gout and infections

Cup of tea? No problem now for Mr Cahill. Turn the TV on? Easy with his new hand on the remote control. 

Ah, but those cursed buttons. For the last years of the 52-year-old’s illness, infection paralysed his right hand as gout crippled his left. 

So his loyal wife Sylvia partly buttoned his shirts, to allow him to slip them over his head; she then fastened the last buttons for him. Soon she expects to be relieved of shirt-button duty. 

They even hold hands like young lovers ‘just because we can’, she said. Yet both know Mrs Cahill, 48, is holding a stranger’s hand. They have no idea who the donor was. 

‘You can’t stop yourself wondering at first but I don’t dwell on it,’ Mr Cahill said. ‘You can think too much about that sort of thing. I still just sit and look at it in amazement. I can’t believe it. But it’s part of me now – my hand, my life.’

Mark Cahill puts his socks on using his new transplanted hand

Prescription: Mr Cahill with the huge array of pills he has to take every day

The transplant at Leeds General Infirmary was unique as the original hand was removed in the same procedure. 

In the eight-hour operation a team led by consultant plastic surgeon Professor Simon Kay connected the bones, tendons, nerves, arteries and veins before the skin was stitched shut. 

Result (initially, at least): A bruised, scarred and unfamiliar hand at the  end of his right arm. And fingers that pointed the way to a new lease of life. 

‘When the swelling goes down and the skin becomes the same colour you won’t be able to tell the difference,’ Mr Cahill said. ‘The nails grow and there are hairs growing,’ he adds, wiggling each finger independently. 

‘It will never be totally mine, it’s smaller than my left hand and of course the fingerprints aren’t the same. But the difference it makes is incredible.’

Mark Cahill during his training for the Royal Marines aged 17 in 1978 and with wife Sylvia today 

Mr Cahill left the Marines before completing full training, and every subsequent career involved using his hands. But gout struck him at the age of 32, causing the joints on his left hand to swell and the fingers to curl. 

Then his right hand became infected and, eventually, paralysed. And when his disability worsened, he was forced to leave the pub he ran locally with his wife.

Mr Cahill was offered a prosthetic hand but opted for the real thing. Professor Kay thinks this was the right choice. 

He told me: ‘The thing that’s remarkable about Mark is the speed of recovery. And his attitude is absolutely fantastic. He just gets on with it. He is a Yorkshireman, after all.’

By Paul Harris

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